Tokyo February 28 2023: Japan posted the fewest births in its recorded history last year, continuing a seven-year decline that further aggravates the challenges of its rapidly aging society.
The number of newborns fell to 799,728 in 2022, down 5.1% from a year earlier, to lowest since it began record-keeping in 1899, according to data Japan’s health ministry released Tuesday. The number of deaths rose 8.9% to 1.58 million for the same period, it said.
The lack of births means Japan will have a smaller workforce and fewer taxpayers to sustain the world’s third-largest economy in the years to come. The rising cost of caring for its elderly citizens, who make up a higher proportion of the population than in any other country, is draining the nation’s coffers, helping make it the world’s most indebted country.
“We recognize that the falling birthrate is a critical situation,” said Yoshihiko Isozaki, a deputy chief cabinet secretary, in a briefing Tuesday. “My understanding is that various factors are intricately intertwined, preventing individuals from realizing their hopes for marriage, child birth and child rearing.”
The government has been trying to increase the labor force by encouraging more women to work and accepting some immigrants. Prime Minister Fumio Kishida has made support for children and their families a priority. The government will lay out its child and child-rearing policies and present a framework by June for doubling the budget allocated to them, Isozaki said.
The government allocated 4.8 trillion yen ($35.2 billion) from the fiscal 2023 budget to a new agency dedicated to children and their families, the Nikkei newspaper reported in December.
Japan’s neighbors are facing similar problems.
China’s population shrank in 2022 for the first time in six decades. It had 1.41 billion people at the end of last year, 850,000 fewer than the year before, according to data released by National Statistics Bureau last month. It was the first drop since 1961, the final year of the Great Famine under former leader Mao Zedong, and coincided with the second-slowest economic growth rate since the 1970s.
South Korea’s fertility rate, the world’s lowest for years, fell to 0.78 children per woman in 2022, according to the country’s statistics office, aggravating the economic challenges of an aging population. At 0.81 in 2021, it was already at the bottom of the more than 260 nations tracked by the World Bank.
